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CSF analysis
CSF analysis
CSF analysis
– CSF is an ultra-filtrate plasma surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
– It is clear and colorless.
It contains:–
-Glucose
Electrolytes-
Aminoacids-
-Very little protein
-Other small molecules found in plasma-
-Few cells.
CSF is withdrawn aseptically by physician from the space between L3 and L4 through a needle by a procedure called a lumbar puncture (LP).
-CSF analysis includes tests in clinical chemistry, hematology, immunology, and microbiology.
Usually three or four tubes are collected. –
1- The first tube is used for chemical analysis.
2- The second tube is used for hematological analysis.
3- The third tube
is used for microbiological analysis.
Purpose of CSF analysis:
CSF analysis used to diagnose medical disorders that affect the central nervous system.
Some of these conditions are :
-Meningitis, which may be viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infections.
-Tumors (e.g., leukemia) and central nervous system tumors.
-Syphilis.
-Bleeding (hemorrhaging) in the brain and spinal cord
Routine examination of CSF:
Includes:
Color and clarity.
Tests for glucose and protein.
Red blood cell count.
White blood cell count with differential.
Gram stain.
Bacterial culture.
Latex agglutination test.
Gross examination :
-Straw, pink, yellow, or amber pigments (xanthochromia) are abnormal and indicate the presence of bilirubin, hemoglobin, red blood cells, or increased protein.
Turbidity indicates an increased number of cells. –
-Gross examination is an important aid to differentiating a subarachnoid hemorrhage from a traumatic tap.
-The traumatic tap is often associated with sequential clearing of CSF as it is collected; streaks of blood in an otherwise clear fluid; or a sample that clots.
Cell count :
-A CSF cell count is a test to measure the number of red and white blood cells that are in CSF.
-Normal CSF may contain up to 5 WBCs per mm3 in adults and 30 WBCs per mm3 in newborns.
CSF analysis
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