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HEPATITIS (D,E,G)

HEPATITIS (D,E,G)

-HEPATITIS D VIRUS ( HDV )

( Delta hepatitis ) :

HDV is a defective RNA virus that replicates only in cells also infected by HBV, because HDV uses the surface antigens of HBV (HBsAg) as its envelope. HBV provides a rescue function for HDV. Its mode of transmission is similar to HBV. The incubation period is 2-112 weeks Hepatitis in chronic HBV carriers who become super infected with HDV is more severe and the incidence of complications e.g. chronic active or fulminating hepatitis is much higher. Super infection or confection with the two viruses occurs mainly in those receiving repeated blood transfusions pooled plasma as well as drug addicts.

* Diagnosis: is done by detection of anti HDV antibodies or antigens. PCR for detection of viral RNA.

* Prevention of HBV infection by vaccination will consequently prevent HDV infection.

-HEPATITIS E VIRUS ( HEV ) :

HEV is anon enveloped single stranded RNA virus tentatively classified as a member of the calciviry family.

It infects by the faeco – oral route. Water – borne epidemics are reported. It resembles hepatitis “A” clinically with the exception that it causes high mortality rate in pregnant women.

Diagnosis: by detection of HEV specific IgM or arising titer of IgG by RIA or ELISA

-HEPATITIS G virus ( HGV ) :

HGV or GB type C virus was isolated in 1996 from patient with post transfusion hepatitis. It is a member of the flavivroy family, as is HCV.

Unlike HCV, its role as a cause of hepatitis or any other disease is still undecided. It is instead, well established that the virus is wide spread in human and can persist and circulate in the blood of infected persons in the absence of any signs or symptoms.

It is diagnosed by detecting viral RNA by PCR, or viral antibodies.

TTV and SEN virus are newly discovered viruses in the blood  of non A to G post transfusion hepatitis patients ( 1997 and 1999 respectively ). The viruses are being characterized and their clinical significance remains to be determined.

HEPATITIS (D,E,G)

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