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Toxoplasma gondii ( toxoplasmosis )

Disease :

-gondii causes toxoplasmosis, including congenital toxoplasmosis.

Important properties :

-Obligate intracellular protozoa.

-Definitive host is domestic cat , humans & other mammals are intermediate host.

– Infection begins within ingestion of cysts in undercooked meat or contact with cat feces.

Transmission

-gondii usually acquired by ingestion of cysts in undercooked meat or cat feces.

-Transplacental transmission from infected mother to the fetus occurs also.

-Human -to–human doesn’t occur.

Congenital infection :

Occurs only when mother is infected during pregnancy.-

– If she was infected before , parasite will be in the form of cyst & there were no trophozoite to cross the placenta.

– Congenital infection can result in abortion , stillbirth or neonatal disease with mental retardation & encephalitis.

Diagnosis

– For acute & congenital infection an immunofluresence assay for IgM abs. is used (IgG could be maternal).

– sera is observed IgG abs. could be used to diagnose acute infection if a significant rise in abs. titer in paired .

– Microscopic examination of Giemsa stained preparation show crescent shaped trophozoites during acute infection.

-Cysts may be seen in tissues.

-Organisms can be grown in cell culture.

– Detection of parasite genetic material by PCR, in congenital infection.

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